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合気道の豊富な技の敎理方法

合気道の技は「䜓勢」「攻撃」「技」「方向」で成り立ちたす。䟋えば「半身半立ち正面打ち䞀教衚」ずいう技がありたす。

「䜓勢」は「半身半立ち」りケが立おる、トリが正座で座っおいるずいう意味です。二人ずも立っおいる堎合、これは通垞に空欄したす。

「攻撃」は「正面打ち」りケが手刀を䜿っお、垂盎に盞手の額を打撃するこず。

「技」は「䞀教」りケの手銖ず肘を掎んで、肘を逆関節し、りケをう぀䌏せに倒すこず。

「方向」は「衚」前に進むこず。「裏」は盞手の背䞭方向に転換するこず。


The techniques in aikido are made from initial position, attack, technique, and direction. For example for the technique “Hanmi-handachi Shomen-uchi, ikyo, omote” Hanmi-handachi is the initial position (uke is standing and tori is sitting in seiza. Many techniques are done with both people standing, and in this case, this part of the name is left blank). Shomen-uchi is the attack (a vertical strike to the head). Ikyo is the technique (an armbar to force the opponent face down) and Omote is the direction (move forward, Ura means to turn or step to the rear of the opponent).


䜓勢は「立ち技」、「半身半立ち」、それに「座り技」の皮類ありたす。

攻撃は打撃・掎み方を合わせお玄15皮類ありたす。

技は投げ技・抑え技を合わせお玄20皮類ありたす。

方向は「衚」ず「裏」の皮類ありたす。


There are 3 starting positions: both standing, one standing and one sitting, and both sitting.

There are approx.15 attacks including strikes and grabs.

There are approx. 20 techniques including throws and pins.

There are 2 directions: to the front, and to the rear.


それで合気道の技は3 x 15 x 20 x 21,800個もありたす

それに返し技や倉化技も入れるず2,000個を超えるでしょう


Then there a total of 3 x 15 x 20 x 2 = 1,800 techniques!

And if you include variations and counters that number may exceed 2000 techniques!


なお、それぞれの攻撃は耇数な凊理し方がありたす。䟋えば基本的の「正面打ち」は受け止める、受け流せる、入り身しお流せる、転換しお流せる、などなどの凊理し方がありたす。

技によっお、耇数なかけ方がるでしょう。

これじゃ、芚えるのは無理


Further, there are various ways to handle each attack. For example, the basic shomen-uchi can be directly blocked, parried inside, parried outside, or slipped. Each technique can also be applied in various ways as well.

Remembering them all seems impossible!


じゃ、少し敎理しよう。

䜓制ず方向は単玔なので、ずりあえずこれを無芖しおも問題にならない。立おる䜓勢でできる技は座っおもやり方はあたり倉わらないからです。

それでも15 x 20 = 300個も残る。芚えるのは無理じゃないけど、苊劎したすね。


Let’s clean things up a bit.

The starting positions and directions are trivial and can be ignored for now. If you can do a technique standing, then you can do it sitting without many changes.

This still leaves 15 x 20 = 300 techniques. Not impossible to remember, but still challenging.


曎に、攻撃の凊理し方は䌌たものがたくさんありたす。䟋えば、暪面打ちの受け流しは片手取り、諞手取り、䞡手取りの近い䜓勢になりたす。方手取りの凊理方が知っおいれば、諞手取りも䞡手取りも知っおいる。これで䞀気に䞀石十鳥です。ほずんどの凊理し方は基本の䜓裁きを掻かすだけです。


Then, several attacks can be handled in a similar fashion. For example, the yokomen-uchi (diagonal strike to the temple) inside parry ends up in a position similar to aihanmi-katate-dori (cross wrist grip), morote-dori (grab one arm with both hands) or ryote-dori (grab broth wrists). Also, if you know how to handle a cross wrist grip, then you can handle the other grabs, too. Killing several birds with one stone. Most attacks can be handled using basic tai-sabaki movements.


そしお、各攻撃から各技の入り路もありたす。䟋えば、暪面打ちの受け流しから、小手返し、入り身投げ、偎面入り身投げ、四方投げ、肘圓おはやりやすい技ずなりたす。ずいうこずは小手返し、入り身投げ、偎面入り身投げ、四方投げ、肘圓おは䌌たような技ずなりたすこの技は党郚投げ技です。


Then each attack can be connected to each technique. For example, techniques that can easily be done from the yokomen-uchi parry include kote-gaeshi, shiho-nage, irimi-nage, and hiji-ate. In other words, each of these techniques are similar (in this case they are all throws).


ある技を倱敗しおしたうず、違う技に倉化できたす。よく知られおいるのは䞀教を倱敗しお、二教から四教に倉化できたす。正面打ち䞀教は基本䞭の基本技であるから、正面打ち四教は思い出せなかった、䞀教を通しお、四教は思い出せるでしょう。


If you fail to do one technique, then you can quickly change to another. A well known example is that nikyo to yonkyo follow from a bad ikyo. Also, if you forget how to one technique, then you can find it through another i.e., if you forget yonkyo, then you can get to it via ikyo.


このような考え方をするず、その2000個の技は15個の攻撃ず20個の技、蚈35個の動きで合気道のすべおはわかる


By thinking in this way, we’ve managed to boil down the 2000 techniques down to a more manageable 15 attacks and 20 techniques for a total of 35 movements you need to remember. Get these and you know all of aikido!



図技の凊理方の䞀぀。攻撃は二぀、技は四぀、方向は二぀で合わせお技を16個も衚す。

Figure: 2 attacks, 4 techniques and 2 directions for a total of 16 different possibilities.


その35個の動きでも䌌たこずがあるので、䞊の図のような繋がり方を想像できたら自分で色々な技を䜜るこずができたす。

By understanding the 35 movements, you can think of similar networks like the one above and maybe find your own techniques.


もう少し難しくなるず、技の遞択はりケの力加枛、間合い、螏ん匵り方などによっお倉わりたす。䞊の図から、りケが正面打ちで攻撃しおきお、自分はタむミングが良ければ、そのたた前に進んで、䞀教衚を完成させたす。䞀方、りケは匷く打っお、自分が前に進めないようになったら、転換しおりケを螺旋状に倒せたす䞀教裏が成り立った。たた、りケの逃げ方によっお、二教自分に駆け蟌む、䞉教立っお自分に向かっおくる、四教立っお、前に距離をずろうずするに切り替えるこずはできたす。


Looking at things a bit deeper, the applied technique depends on uke’s strength, distance, resistance, etc. From the above network, if you get the timing right from the shomen-uchi attack, you can move directly into ikyo omote. However, if uke’s attack is too strong and you can’t move forward, then you can lead the attack in a spiral to the ground (ikyo-ura). Also, depending on how uke tries to escape ikyo, you have the options of changing to nikyo (if uke comes towards you), sankyo (if uke stands up towards you) or yonkyo (if uke stands up away from you).


技を自由に切り替えるようになるには沢山皜叀が必芁です。䞀぀の基本技は数秒で終わるので、切り替えるこずを気づいお、考えお、適切にかけるこずは1秒以内に行いたすので、決しお簡単ではない。でもそのはじめの䞀歩は䞊蚘の35個の動きを芚えお、関係性を皜(かんが)えるこずでしょう。


It takes a lot of training to be able to freely change techniques on the fly. A single technique can be done in a few seconds, so you have less than a second to see, think and adapt to any changes that may occur. But as a first step to this you can start by learning and thinking about the relationship between the 35 moves mentioned above.


皜叀で䌚いたしょう

See you on the mats!

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